WHY I DON'T LIKE STEPHEN FRY

During his latest BBC series about so-called bipolar disorder, Stephen Fry seemed to be protecting the status quo of the psychiatric and Big Pharma establishment, with scant regard for the thousands of outpatients who have been misdiagnosed as suffering from this imaginary disorder (which lacks any scientifically defensible medical definition) while suffering for years and even decades from the devastating physical side effects of such toxic psych meds as lithium, Epilim Chrono and carbamazine. The symptoms often associated with 'bipolar disorder' can themselves be devastating, However, the 'biochemical imbalance', which was invented about fifty years ago is now regarded to be a completed myth. Highs and lows can sometimes be alternatively associated with neurological conditions which include ADHD,

                                OPEN LETTER FROM MAD IN AMERICA

                               A HANGING, A HANGING, OH GOODIE, A PUBLIC HANGING!!

I've have realised since receiving an unhelpful reply from Stephen Fry a couple of years or so ago that he's 'doing his own thing' with scant regard for the suffering of people on toxic psych meds, I personally would place little credibility on many of the things he says relating to so-called 'bipolar disorder'. I could come up with some amusing suggestions regarding the actual nature of his own disorder,

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THEGUARDIAN.COM|BY JESSICA ELGOT

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Toby Moore i've always disliked him on site. same with the rest of the black adder crew really. that top gear host too, who had the homophobic slur and ws fired. always get stephen fry and the top gear guy mixed up. bunch of bastards

Unlike · Reply · 2 · 5 hrs

Ann Kelly He looks bloated spaced and drugged.

Unlike · Reply · 

Mary Maddock If you go with the status quo you have a great chance in being richer financially but your humanity will be deprived! Thanks for sharing Thomas! heart emoticon

Angela Mannion totally agree

Unlike · Reply · 2 · 2 hrs

Grahame Ranson He has an opinion on a lot of things. He claims to be an activist for human rights and equality. its fair to say all commercial tv personalities are full of shit.

Like · Reply · Just now

Miriam O'Shea I'm grateful I'm human with a sense of self. I never believed. Sounds like he might be in denial. Its so easy to be brainwashed when you're vulnerable and your life as you know it at risk. Any human being could experience highs and lows in distress. Numbing it isn't helpful either with legal or illegal drugs. I'm learning to listen and not hear:-)

Like · Reply · 1 · Yesterday at 7:02am

Amanda Lawyer Steven Fry is famous and a bit arrogant with it .

Like · Reply · 1 · 21 hrs

Aoife O' Leary Totally arrogant

Lik

Maurice Frank In his school memoir with the silly title Moab Is My Washpot, with gay rights in mind he proposed as definition of tyranny "a society that asks people to apologise for something that is not their fault."

Yet 30 years ago he was in the cult comedy that broke this code on the most total scale any TV show ever has, and persecuting children by it. the faraway sickest revolting bonechilling national scale hate crime in TV's history, and he has never regretted it or shown any awareness of the contradiction. This was Blackadder episode 2:6, called Chains. On frequently repeated national TV and video, that would be seen by real bullies and affect real schools next day, it portrayed mental damage by bullying as the victim's fault and its effect to be gloated and jibed at the victim in a blaming way. It showed bullying as turning its victim into a comic conquer the world villain, it actually presented victimhood, instead of perpetration, as the cause of power madness, when there is no clearer act of power madness than the act of bullying. They had nothing to say against the perpetrators at all. So they encouraged and endorsed bullies to feel TV celebrity on their side and the joke of anticipating to turn their victims into something that will be gloatingly blamable as bad.

And it endorsed and directly took part in the bullying culture against shorts, that caused generations of gender discriminatory damaging bodily heat misery every summer, unfairly affecting concentration and exams, as modern boys' gender equality protest actions and the award to Chris Whitehead proved. Blackadder's hooligan emotionally spiteful, bullying indeed, style of comedy directly abused children by putting national TV behind helping to enforce and extend to more of them the terror imprisoning them in uncomfortable clothes through fear of an atrocity of personal targetting, directly incited and encouraged upon any boy vulnerable to it not by his fault.

Blackadder is every bit as bad as Savile, it's is part of the same story of the BBC and kids, and in exactly the same way their bully-cool celebrity has deterred speaking out, when it strains credence that nobody has felt uncomfortable. This is why everyone with a conscience should welcome and share all causes of dislike about anyone who was in the episode, but most important to knock off pedestal are its writers.

ALL IN THE BRAIN?

Stephen Fry’s exploration of manic depression (in the current BBC series on mental health, ‘In the Mind‘) has drawn both praise and criticism.  Psychology Professor Richard Bentall, has sent an open letter to the actor which offers a differing perspective. The letter is reproduced here with permission.

Dear Stephen,

You and I attended the same public school (Uppingham, in Rutland) at the same time, in the early 1970s, and our unhappy experiences there have undoubtedly helped to shape our different trajectories, which have led us to a shared interest in mental health.

In your case, your premature departure from Uppingham, and your adventures immediately afterwards, were documented in your wonderful book, Moab is my Washpot. Your subsequent openness about your own mental health difficulties, for which I salute you, has been an inspiration to other mental health sufferers.

In my case, despite a lacklustre academic performance which I attribute mainly to spending much of my adolescence feeling depressed and emotionally abused, I managed to make my way to university and eventually pursued a career in clinical psychology. (My brother, unfortunately, was much worse affected by his time at the school; his expulsion was the start of a long downward spiral that culminated in his suicide, an event that haunts me twenty years later, and which reinforces my determination to improve the public understanding of mental ill-health.)

I have now spent more than thirty years researching severe mental illness, focusing especially on patients with psychosis (who, in conventional psychiatry, are typically diagnosed with ‘bipolar disorder’ or ‘schizophrenia’). It is from this perspective that, reluctantly, I must now ask you to rethink the way that you portray these conditions to the general public. I know that you wish to demystify and destigmatise mental illness, which are surely laudable aims, but my worry is that some aspects of your approach may have the opposite effect from that which you intend.

Conventional psychiatry tends to decontextualise psychiatric disorders, seeing them as discrete brain conditions that are largely genetically determined and barely influenced by the slings and arrows of misfortune, and it was this perspective that was uniquely presented in your recent programme The not so secret life of a manic depressive ten years on. According to this ‘brain conditions’ view, psychiatric disorders occur largely out of the blue in individuals who are genetically vulnerable, and the only appropriate response is to find the right medication.  Even then, it is usually assumed that severe mental illnesses are life long conditions that can only be managed by continuous treatment. However, research into severe mental illness conducted over the last twenty years (not only by me, although I have contributed) tells a more complex story.

To begin with, we now know to a level of certainty that diagnoses such as ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘schizophrenia’ are not separate conditions[1]. Furthermore, there is no clear line between severe psychiatric disorders and healthy functioning[2], with the consequence that large numbers of people manage to live productive lives despite experiencing symptoms at some time or another, and without seeking help[3]. There is, for example, an international network for people who hear voices, many of whom manage perfectly well without psychiatric care[4]. (In my experience, psychiatrists are often troubled by this ‘fuzziness’ at the edges of mental ill health, which I find puzzling as doctors in physical health have no difficulties with handling arbitrary boundaries; there is no sharp dividing line between healthy and unhealthy blood pressure, for example.)

It also appears that the outcomes for severe mental illness are much more variable than was once thought. Longitudinal research suggests that a surprising number of people manage to make full or partial recoveries[5], even when not taking medication. A complication is that recovery means different things for different people; whereas psychiatrists typically think of recovery in terms of recovery from symptoms, patients more often emphasise the importance of self-esteem, hope for the future, and a valued role in society[6].

Of course genes play a role in making some people more vulnerable to psychiatric disorder than others, but the latest research in molecular genetics challenges simplistic assumptions about ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘bipolar disorder’ being primarily genetic conditions. The genetic risk appears to be shared across a wide range of diagnostic groupings – the same genes are involved when people are diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD and even, in some cases, autism[7]. More importantly, genetic risk is widely distributed in the population with hundreds, possibly thousands of genes involved, each conferring a tiny increase in risk[8]. Hence (to quote American genetic researcher Kenneth Kendler),

‘The genetic risk for schizophrenia is widely distributed in human populations so that we all carry some degree of risk’[9].

Of course, some people (possibly yourself) have more of these genes than others, but the fact that so many are involved suggests that it is very unlikely that studying them will lead to therapeutic innovations anytime soon. By contrast, consider Huntington’s Disease, a terrible degenerative neurological condition that is caused by a single dominant gene with a known biological function. Many years after this gene was discovered there is still no sign of a medical therapy for this simplest of all the genetic conditions.

In your programme, you did not attempt to link your own mental health difficulties to circumstances despite the fact that your story suggested that episodes had been triggered by specific events on at least two occasions (after bravely confronting an extreme homophobe in Uganda, and after extensive jet travel). More importantly, perhaps for understandable reasons, you seemed reluctant to explore any possible connections between your difficulties now and your experiences earlier in life. In fact, recent epidemiological studies have pointed to a wide range of social and environmental factors that increase the risk of mental ill health[10], some of which I am guessing you may be familiar with from personal experience.

These include poverty in childhood[11] and early exposure to urban environments[12]; migration[13] and belonging to an ethnic minority[14] (probably not problems encountered by most public school boys in the early 1970s) but also early separation from parents; childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse; and bullying in schools[15]. In each of these cases, the evidence of link with future psychiatric disorder is very strong indeed – at least as strong as the genetic evidence. Moreover, there is now good evidence that these kinds of experiences can affect brain structure, explaining the abnormal neuroimaging findings that have been reported for psychiatric patients[16], and that they lead to stress sensitivity and extreme mood fluctuations in adulthood[17]. And of course, there are a myriad of adult adversities that also contribute to mental ill health (debt[18], unhappy marriages[19], excessively demanding work environments[20] and the threat of unemployment[21], to name but a few). Arguably, the biggest cause of human misery is miserable relationships with other people, conducted in miserable circumstances.

Why is all this important? Well, for one thing, many psychiatric patients in Britain feel that services too often ignore their life stories, treating them more like surgical or neurological patients than people whose difficulties have arisen in response to challenging circumstances. In the words of Eleanor Longden, a well-known voice hearer and mental health activist,

‘They almost always ask what is wrong with you and hardly ever ask what happened to you’[22].

Patients are routinely offered powerful drugs as shown in your programme (I am not saying they don’t have a place) but very rarely the kinds of psychological therapies that may help them to come to terms with these kinds of experiences, or even practical advice (debt counselling probably has a place in the treatment of depression, for example).

Patients’ dissatisfaction with an exclusively medical approach is well founded, because research has shown that this approach has been extraordinarily unsuccessful, despite what clinicians often assert. Whereas survival and recovery rates for severe physical conditions such as cancer and heart disease have improved dramatically since the end of the Second World War[23], recovery rates for severe mental illness have not shifted at all[24]. Even more surprising, you might think, those countries which spend the least on psychiatric services have the best outcomes for severe mental illness[25] whereas those that spend the most have the highest suicide rates[26]. No doubt, if we understood the psychological mechanisms that lead from childhood misfortune to mental illness, we could do more to help people. However, research funding in mental health is being almost exclusively channelled into genetic and neurobiological studies, which have little realistic prospect of yielding practical interventions.

To make matters worse, research shows that exclusively biological theories of mental illness contribute to the stigma experienced by mental health patients, which I know you want to reduce[27]. The more that ordinary people think of mental illness as a genetically-determined brain condition, and the less they recognise it to be a reaction to misfortune, the more they shun mental health patients. The biomedical model of mental illness, which your programme showcased, makes it all too easy to believe that humans belong to two sub-species: the mentally well and the mentally ill.

Finally, the biomedical approach entirely neglects the public health dimension of mental illness. Given the evidence from epidemiological studies, we can almost certainly dramatically reduce the prevalence of mental illness in the population by, for example, addressing childhood poverty and inequality, figuring out which aspects of the urban environment are toxic (you might or might not be surprised to know that living close to a park appears to provide some protection against mental illness[28]) and by ensuring that all of our children experience more benign childhoods than the ones we experienced. We cannot do any of these things if we spend all of our time peering into test tubes.

Let my finish by saying, Stephen, that I have the highest respect for you, and I thank you for your efforts to reach out to people who are suffering from mental illness. Please continue with this important work. But please, from now on, do so in a more balanced way.

Sincerely

Richard Bentall

Professor of Clinical Psychology at Liverpool University and Former Uppinghamian

You can follow Richard on Twitter @RichardBentall. Richard has provided a number of notes and references below for those interested in reading further.